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begin something new

  • 1 καινουργέω

    A make new, Alciphr.3.3; re-create, τινα Zos.Alch. p.108 B.
    2 begin something new, τι Hp.VM21; τί καινουργεῖς; what new plan art thou meditating? E.IA2 (anap.); κ. λόγον speak new, strange words, ib. 838; coin,

    ὄνομα Dam.Pr. 439

    : abs.,

    ἐπὶ τὸ κ. φέρου Antiph.29

    : usu. in bad sense, make innovations,

    περί τι X.HG6.2.16

    , cf. D.H.11.21:—[voice] Pass., τὰ καινουργούμενα all attempts at alteration, Arist.Mu. 398a35.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καινουργέω

  • 2 καινοτομέω

    A cut fresh into, in mining, open a new vein, X.Vect.4.27 sq., Phot.; in road-making, metaph.,

    ἀτραπὸν ἄλλην Ph.2.445

    , cf. J. BJ5.9.4, Luc.Rh.Pr.10 ([voice] Pass.).
    II mostly metaph., begin something new, institute anew,

    τελετήν τινι Ar.V. 876

     (anap.): abs., make changes or innovations in the state, Id.Ec. 584 (anap.), Arist.Pol. 1305b41, 1316b19, Plb.15.30.1, PLips.35.19 (iv A. D.), etc.: generally,

    μὴ καινοτομεῖν Phld.Mus.p.9K.

    ;

    κ. τι νέον Pl.Lg. 797c

    , cf. 709a;

    κ. περὶ τὰ θεῖα Id.Euthphr.3b

    , 16a; περὶ τῶν θείων ib.5a;

    τὰ θεῖα Jul.Or. 5.159b

    ;

    κ. τὴν περὶ τὰ τέκνα κοινότητα Arist.Pol. 1266a35

    ; οὐθὲν κ. εἰς [ τὰ γινόμενα περὶ θεῶν σεβασμούς] D.H.7.70, cf. Comp.25:—[voice] Pass., Pl.Lg. 797b, D.59.75.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καινοτομέω

  • 3 μήν

    μήν [(A)], [dialect] Dor. (Epich.78, etc.), [dialect] Aeol. (Sapph.Supp.23.5, etc.), and old [dialect] Ep. [full] μάν (in Hom.always folld. by a vowel exc. Il.5.895, 765, whereas μήν is folld. by a consonant exc. in Il.19.45; original μάν has prob. been changed to μέν exc. when the metre prevented), a Particle used to strengthen asseverations,
    A verily, truly; a synonym of μέν but stronger, and like it always following the word which begins the clause, ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, καὶ μ. τετελεσμένον ἔσται and so verily.., Il.23.410; ἴστε μὰν .. ye know doubtless, Pi.I.4(3).35: freq. with imper., ἄγε μ. on then, Il.1.302;

    ἄγρει μάν 5.765

    ;

    ἄναγε μάν A.Ch. 963

     (lyr.);

    ἕπεο μάν S.OC 182

     (lyr.).
    II after other Particles,
    1 ἦ μήν, now verily, full surely,

    ἦ μὴν καὶ πόνος ἐστίν Il.2.291

    , cf. h.Ap.87, Hes. Sc. 101;

    ἦ μάν Il.2.370

    , 13.354, Sapph.l.c., Pi.P.4.40, al. (

    εἶ μάν IG5

     (1).1390.27 (Andania, i B.C.)): strengthd.,

    ἦ δὴ μάν Il.17.538

    : freq. later in strong protestations or oaths, c. inf.,

    ὄμνυσι δ' ἦ μὴν λαπάξειν A.Th. 531

    , cf. S.Tr. 1186, X.An.2.3.26: in negation, ἦ μ. μή .. Th.8.81, etc. (but also

    ὀμνύω μὴ μὰν φρονησεῖν SIG527.36

     (Crete, iii B.C.)): in Prose also to begin an independent clause,

    ὀμνύω.., ἦ μ. ἐγὼ ἐθυόμην X.An.6.1.31

    ;

    καὶ νὴ τὸν κύνα,.. ἦ μ. ἐγὼ ἔπαθόν τι τοιοῦτον Pl. Ap. 22a

    .
    2 καὶ μήν, sts. simply to add an asseveration, v. sub init., cf. Pi.N.2.13, etc.;

    καὶ δὴ μάν Theoc.7.120

    : freq. to introduce something new or deserving special attention,

    καὶ μὴν Τάνταλον εἰσεῖδον Od.11.582

    , cf. 593, A.Pr. 459, Pers. 406, etc.; esp. in dramatic Poets to mark the entrance of a person on the stage, here comes.., Id.Th. 372, E.El. 339; also

    ὅδε μ. Αἵμων S.Ant. 626

     (anap.), etc.; of new facts, and besides, nay more,

    καὶ μήν.. γε A.Pr. 982

    , cf. Ar. Pax 369, X.Smp.4.15, etc.; in Orators to introduce new arguments,

    καὶ μήν.. γε Pl.Tht. 153b

    , D.21.56; to introduce a counter-argument, Ar.Nu. 1185, Pl.Grg. 452c;

    καὶ μὴν καί D.27.30

    , etc.: also in answers, to denote approbation or assent, ἀλλ' ἢν ἐφῇς μοι.. λέξαιμ' ἂν ὀρθῶς. Answ. καὶ μ. ἐφίημι well, I allow it, S.El. 556; μὴ νῦν διάτριβ', ἀλλ' ἄνυε πράττων .. Answ.

    καὶ μ. βαδίζω Ar.Pl. 413

     (v.l.), cf. Ra. 895, E.Hec. 317; so

    καὶ μ... γε Pl.R. 426e

    , etc.
    3 ἀλλὰ μήν, yet truly, Id.Pers.233, etc.;

    ἀλλὰ μάν Ar.Ach. 765

    ;

    ἀλλὰ μήν.. γε Id.Ra. 258

    ; to allege something not disputed, Pl.Tht. 187a: rarely separated,

    ἀλλ' ἐστὶ μ. οἰκητός S.OC28

    ; ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἐγὼ μ. .. E.Hec. 401: more strongly,

    ὅμως μ. Pl.Plt. 297d

    .
    5 οὐ μήν, of a truth not, Il.24.52, A.Ag. 1068, etc.: elsewh. in Hom. οὐ μάν, Il.12.318, etc.; μὴ μάν ([dialect] Att. μὴ μήν) oh do not, 8.512, 15.476, etc.;

    ἀλλ' οὐ μάν 17.41

    ;

    ἀλλ' οὐ μάν.. γε S.OC 153

     (lyr.);

    οὐδὲ μάν Pi.P.4.87

    .
    6 ὡς μήν, = ἦ μήν, ὀμμνύω Δία.. ὡς μ. κρινεῖν τὰ ἀντιλεγόμενα Delph.3(1).362 i 40.
    III after interrogatives, τί μ.; well, what of it? A.Eu. 203, Pl.Tht. 145e, etc.; τί μ. οὔ well, why not? E. Rh. 706 (lyr.); τῶς μ.; well, but how.. ? X.Cyr.1.6.28; τίνος μ. ἕνεκα; ibid.; ποῦ μ.; to express surprise, Pl.Tht. 142a; ἀλλὰ πότε μήν; X. Smp.4.23.
    IV with adversative force, esp. after a neg., so that it is equivalent to μέντοι, νῦν ἐμὲ μὲν στυγέει.., ἔσται μὰν ὅτ' ἄν .. Il. 8.370- 373;

    οὐ μὴν ἄτιμοι.. τεθνήξομεν A.Ag. 1279

    ; ἀνάγκη μὲν καὶ ταῦτ' ἐπίστασθαι.., οὐδὲν μ. κωλύει κτλ. Pl.Phdr. 268e, cf. Grg. 493c, R. 529e, etc.;

    χαλεπῶς ἔχει ὑπὸ τραυμάτων, μᾶλλον μ. αὐτὸν αἱρεῖ τὸ νόσημα Id.Tht. 142b

    ; expressed more strongly by γε μ., Pi.P.7.18, A.Th. 1067 (anap.), S.OC 587, X.Cyr.6.1.7, etc.; also

    οὐ μ... γε A. Pr. 270

    , Th. 538; οὐδὲ μ. ib. 809, Ch. 189; οὐ μ. οὐδέ nor yet indeed, Th. 1.3, 82, etc.;

    οὐ μὰν οὐδέ Il.4.512

    ;

    ἀλλ' οὐ μὰν οὐδέ 23.441

    :—on οὐ μὴν ἀλλά, v. ἀλλά 11.5.
    ------------------------------------
    μήν [(B)], ὁ,
    A v. μείς.
    II [full] Μήν, an Anatolian divinity, IG22.1365,1366, etc.; nom. sg. [full] Μείς Supp.Epigr.4.647.2, 648.3 ([place name] Lydia).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μήν

  • 4 ἄρχω

    ἄρχω fut. ἄρξω; 1 aor. ἦρξα LXX. Mid.: fut. ἄρξομαι; 1 aor. ἠρξάμην; pf. ἦργμαι (Hom.+) lit. be first.
    ① to rule or govern, w. implication of special status, rule act. w. gen. over someth. or someone (Hom., Hdt. et al.; UPZ 81 col. 2, 18 [II B.C.] as an epithet of Isis: τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἄρχουσα; En 9:7; EpArist 190; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 12 Jac.; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 6; Just., D. 90, 4; 111, 1) τῶν ἐθνῶν Mk 10:42; Ro 15:12 (Is 11:10). εἰς πόλιν ἄρχουσαν δύσεως into the city that rules over the West ApcPt Rainer 15f. τῶν θηρίων τ. γῆς B 6:12 (cp. Gen 1:26, 28). τῆς περὶ τὴν γῆν διακοσμήσεως ἔδωκεν ἄ. (angels) authority to govern the earth Papias (4).
    ② to initiate an action, process, or state of being, begin mid., except for GMary s. 2aα.
    ⓐ w. pres. inf. (DHesseling, Z. Syntax v. ἄρχομαι: ByzZ 20, 1911, 147–64; JKleist, Mk ’36, 154–61 Marcan ἤρξατο; GReichenkron, Die Umschreibung m. occipere, incipere u. coepisse: Syntactica u. Stilistica, Festschr. EGamillscheg ’57, 473–75; MReiser, Syntax u. Stil (Mk), ’84, 43–45).
    α. lit., to denote what one begins to do, in pres. inf. (Polyaenus 3, 9, 40 σφαγιάζειν) λέγειν (Jos., Ant. 8, 276; 18, 289) Mt 11:7; ὀνειδίζειν vs. 20; τύπτειν 24:49; κηρύσσειν 4:17; Mk 5:20; cp. the use of the act. GMar 463 ἀπ̣[ελθὼ]ν ἤ̣ρ̣χεν κη[ρύς]|[σειν τὸ εὐαγγέλι]ο̣ν̣ [κατὰ Μάριαμ] (Levi) went off and began to proclaim [the gospel according to Mary]; παίζειν Hs 9, 11, 5 al.; εἶναι IRo 5:3. Emphasis can be laid on the beginning Lk 15:14; 21:28, Ac 2:4; 11:15, or a contrast can be implied, as w. continuation Mk 6:7; 8:31; IEph 20:1; w. completion Mt 14:30; Lk 14:30; J 13:5; w. an interruption Mt 12:1; 26:22; Ac 27:35.—μὴ ἄρξησθε λέγειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς don’t even begin to think=do not cherish the unfortunate thought Lk 3:8.
    β. Oft. ἄ. only means that the pers. in question has been doing something else and that the activity now takes a new turn (GrBar 4:11 ὅταν … ἐξήλθε Νῶε τῆς κιβωτοῦ, ἤρξατο φυτεύειν ‘after Noah left the Ark, he began to beget’) Mt 26:37, 74; Lk 4:21; 5:21; 7:15, 24, 38, 49 al. In such cases it is freq. almost superfluous as an auxiliary, in accordance w. late Semitic usage (Jos., Ant. 11, 131; 200; Dalman, Worte 21f; s. JHunkin, ‘Pleonastic’ ἄρχομαι in the NT: JTS 25, 1924, 390–402). So ὧν ἤρξατο ὁ Ἰης. ποιεῖν Ac 1:1=simply what Jesus did (sim. Lat. coepio).
    ⓑ abs. (sc. the inf. fr. the context) ἦν Ἰησοῦς ἀρχόμενος ὡσεὶ ἐτῶν τριάκοντα Lk 3:23 prob. Jesus was about 30 years old when he began his work. In ἀρξάμενος Πέτρος ἐξετίθετο (Aesop, Fab. 100 P.=H-H. 102 [Halm 155 ἀχθόμενος] Μῶμος ἀρξάμενος ἕλεγε; X. Eph. 5, 7, 9 ἀρξαμένη κατέχομαι) ἀ. receives its content fr. the foll. καθεξῆς: P. began and explained in order Ac 11:4.
    ⓒ w. indication of the starting point ἄ. ἀπὸ τότε begin fr. that time Mt 4:17; 16:21; ἄ. ἀπό τινος (Pla. et al., also Arrian, Cyneg. 36, 4; PMeyer 24, 3; Ezk 9:6; Jos., Ant. 7, 255 ἀπὸ σοῦ; in local sense SIG 969, 5; PTebt 526; Jos., Ant. 13, 390) ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ Μωϋσέως beginning w. Moses Lk 24:27; ἀ. ἀπὸ τῆς γραφῆς ταύτης beginning with this passage of Scripture Ac 8:35; J 8:9; 1 Pt 4:17. Locally Lk 24:47; Ac 10:37. With both starting point and end point given (Lucian, Somn. 15 ἀπὸ τῆς ἕω ἀρξάμενος ἄχρι πρὸς ἑσπέραν; Gen 44:12) ἀπό τινος ἕως τινός: ἀπὸ τ. ἐσχάτων ἕως τῶν πρώτων Mt 20:8; Ac 1:22; local Lk 23:5.—B. 976; 1319. EDNT. DELG. M-M s.v. ἄρχομαι. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἄρχω

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